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Noise & Vibration Testing β€” Frequently Asked Questions

What noise levels are permitted in an elevator car and machine room under EN 81-20?

EN 81-20 Β§5.7.3 limits the noise level in the machine room to 70 dB(A) at the designated maintenance standing position. For the car interior, while EN 81-20 does not set a specific limit, market practice and premium client specifications commonly require cabin noise below 55 dB(A) at rated speed with rated load. Machine-room-less (MRL) installations and PMSM gearless machines typically achieve 45–50 dB(A) in the car, significantly below geared machine benchmarks.

What is ISO 18738-1 and why is it used for elevator ride quality assessment?

ISO 18738-1 defines a standardised method for measuring ride quality in elevators by recording vibration accelerations in three axes (horizontal X, horizontal Y, vertical Z) at floor level in the car during a complete run. The resulting P70 metric (the 70th percentile of peak acceleration values) provides a single comparable comfort index. P70 ≀ 15 mg is generally considered excellent ride quality; values above 25 mg indicate noticeable vibration that typically requires drive or guide-rail alignment correction. The standard is widely used in quality acceptance testing for luxury residential, hotel, and healthcare elevator installations.

What causes excessive vibration in elevator cars and how is it corrected?

Common causes of excessive car vibration include: worn or misaligned guide rails (corrected by rail re-levelling and sliding-shoe or roller-guide replacement), unbalanced drive sheave or motor (corrected by balancing or component replacement), VFD tuning issues causing torque ripple (corrected by drive parameter optimisation), and stiff or worn car frame isolators (corrected by elastomeric mount replacement). Vibration spectrum analysis using FFT identifies the frequency and amplitude of each vibration component, allowing targeted diagnosis rather than trial-and-error adjustment.

Are there specific noise and vibration requirements for escalators under EN 115-1?

EN 115-1 Β§5.6 requires that the escalator operates without unusual noise or vibration during inspection. While the standard does not specify absolute dB(A) limits, it requires that step chains run smoothly, handrail surfaces vibrate within acceptable limits, and the drive machinery does not produce impulsive or tonal noise that could indicate mechanical defects. Elevated step-chain noise is a common early indicator of chain wear or inadequate lubrication, and vibration measurement provides objective evidence for maintenance intervention decisions.