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Frequently Asked Questions — Elevator Wire Ropes & Chains
How often should elevator wire ropes be inspected and replaced?
EN 81-20 and TS EN 13015 require regular visual inspection of wire ropes for wire breaks, corrosion, kinks, and reduction in cross-sectional area. The discard criteria in ISO 4309 specify that ropes must be replaced when the number of broken wires per rope lay length exceeds defined thresholds, or when the rope has lost more than a certain percentage of its nominal diameter. In practice, heavily loaded commercial elevators may require rope replacement every 5–8 years; lightly loaded residential lifts may achieve 15–20 years. Only a qualified inspector can make the final determination.
What is the safety factor required for elevator wire ropes?
EN 81-20 requires a minimum safety factor of 12 for traction ropes in normal passenger elevator service, calculated as the ratio of the rope's minimum breaking force to the maximum force in the rope under rated load conditions. For roping arrangements with multiple ropes (2:1, 4:1 etc.), the force per rope is divided accordingly. The safety factor must be recalculated whenever the rope diameter or construction is changed during modernization.
What is the difference between wire rope and chain suspension in elevators?
Wire rope suspension (using multiple strands of twisted steel wire) is standard for virtually all traction elevators above very low speeds. Roller chain suspension is used in specific low-speed applications such as service lifts, dumbwaiters, and some scissor-type platforms. Wire rope offers superior fatigue life, lower weight, and better flexibility at smaller bending radii, while chains are preferred for applications requiring positive engagement with sprockets and simpler tensioning.
Can different rope constructions be mixed on the same elevator?
No — EN 81-20 requires that all suspension ropes on the same elevator are of identical construction, diameter, and nominal breaking force. Mixing rope constructions leads to unequal load distribution between ropes, accelerated wear on individual ropes, and non-compliance with the standard. When one rope must be replaced due to damage, all ropes should be replaced simultaneously to ensure uniform wear and equal tension distribution.