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Frequently Asked Questions — Elevator Buffers & Counterweights
What is the difference between spring buffers and hydraulic buffers?
Spring buffers store and return kinetic energy — the compressed spring pushes the car back upward after absorbing the impact. They are suitable for rated speeds up to 1.0 m/s per EN 81-20. Hydraulic (oil) buffers dissipate kinetic energy as heat through controlled oil flow, producing a smooth, graduated deceleration. They are required for rated speeds above 1.0 m/s, and their stroke length must be sufficient to decelerate the fully loaded car from 115% of rated speed to zero within the specified deceleration limits.
How is the counterweight mass calculated?
EN 81-20 specifies that the counterweight mass should equal the car mass plus 40–50% of the rated load (the balance factor). A higher balance factor reduces motor current at full load; a lower factor reduces current when the car is empty. The 50% balance factor is most common for passenger elevators as it minimizes average energy consumption across a typical traffic pattern. The balance factor must be verified during commissioning by measuring motor current in both directions at rated load.
How often should buffers be inspected?
EN 81-20 requires that hydraulic buffers are checked for correct oil level at each maintenance visit, and that the buffer return time (time for the buffer to return to full extension after compression) is tested during periodic inspections — if the return time exceeds 120 seconds, the buffer must be serviced or replaced. Spring buffers should be inspected for corrosion and mechanical integrity. Both types must be tested for correct engagement during mandatory periodic inspections by an authorized inspection body.
Can counterweight guide shoes be upgraded to roller type?
Yes — counterweight roller guide shoe retrofits are a common modernization improvement that reduces noise and vibration, particularly at higher speeds. The retrofit requires compatible guide shoe brackets on the counterweight frame and appropriate guide rail surface quality. Turkish suppliers on elevator.tr offer both the roller shoe assemblies and the compatible bracket kits for counterweight modernization projects.