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Hydraulic Cylinders & Pistons — Frequently Asked Questions
What are the main types of hydraulic elevator cylinder configurations?
Direct-acting single-stage cylinders support the car platform directly from below — simple but limited to travel heights below the single cylinder stroke (typically 5–7 m). Telescopic multi-stage cylinders achieve greater travel through nested stages that extend sequentially, permitting travel heights up to 12–14 m from a single below-platform cylinder. Indirect roped hydraulic systems use shorter cylinders mounted in the shaft (avoiding borehole drilling) and drive the car via 2:1 or 4:1 rope roping arrangements, allowing travel heights up to 20 m and eliminating ground contamination risk from cylinder leaks.
What corrosion protection is required for in-ground hydraulic cylinders?
EN 81-2 Annex C requires in-ground cylinders to be protected against corrosion by an outer protective pipe (borehole liner casing) that isolates the cylinder from groundwater and soil. The annular space between the cylinder and the liner must be filled with a corrosion inhibitor fluid or sealed. Inspection ports allow periodic sampling of the annular fluid to detect cylinder wall corrosion before failure. Turkish manufacturers supply matching HDPE liner casing systems with each cylinder order.
How is a hydraulic cylinder pressure-tested before installation?
EN 81-2 Clause 12.5 requires hydraulic cylinders to be pressure-tested at the manufacturer's works to 1.5 times the rated working pressure for a minimum of 5 minutes without any leakage or permanent deformation. Test certificates must accompany each cylinder and be retained for the lifetime of the installation. On-site hydraulic system pressure tests at 1.1× working pressure are conducted after installation as part of the initial conformity assessment.
When should a hydraulic elevator cylinder be replaced?
Cylinder replacement is triggered by external corrosion perforating the wall, chrome plating damage causing accelerated seal wear and persistent oil weepage, cylinder straightness deviation exceeding EN 81-2 tolerances causing binding and abnormal wear, or age-related replacement as part of a full hydraulic system modernisation (typically at 25–30 years). Indirect roped systems allow cylinder replacement without shaft excavation — a significant advantage over direct-acting in-ground designs in occupied buildings.