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Elevator Safety Circuits & Relays – Frequently Asked Questions
What devices are typically included in an elevator safety circuit?
The safety circuit (also called the safety chain) typically includes: landing door contacts, car door contacts, overspeed governor contact, buffer switch contacts, pit stop switches, car roof stop switch, slack rope switch (for drum lifts), terminal limit switches, and the overload device. All must be closed simultaneously for the elevator to run. EN 81-20 Annex A provides the complete safety device listing.
What is the difference between a safety relay and a standard control relay?
Safety relays are designed to fail-safe — they are force-guided (mechanically linked contacts) so a welded contact can be detected, they perform self-monitoring tests, and they meet Category 1–4 reliability requirements per ISO 13849. Standard control relays have no self-monitoring capability and cannot be used in safety-critical circuits in modern EN 81-20 compliant installations.
What is an PESSRAL and when is it required?
PESSRAL (Programmable Electronic System in Safety-Related Applications for Lifts) is the standard (EN 81-20 / EN 81-50 Annex J) that governs the use of programmable electronics in elevator safety functions. Any microcontroller or PLC used in a safety-relevant function must comply with PESSRAL requirements, including redundancy, self-testing, and software validation.
Can safety relays be replaced during elevator modernization without a full installation permit?
Component-level replacement of safety relays and monitoring units is generally permitted under maintenance provisions in TS EN 13015, provided the replacement component meets the same or higher safety category. However, changing from relay-based to PESSRAL/electronic safety systems constitutes a significant modification requiring updated documentation and third-party inspection in Turkey.